1. Chimpanzees – There are two species of
Chimpanzees, both of which are the closest living relatives to humans.
Chimpanzees make tools and use them to acquire foods and for social displays;
they have sophisticated hunting strategies requiring cooperation, influence and
rank; they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; they
can learn to use symbols and understand aspects of human language including
some relational syntax, concepts of number and numerical sequence; and they are
capable of spontaneous planning for a future state or event
2. Elephants – Elephants exhibit mirror
self-recognition, an indication of self-awareness and cognition. Elephants are
known to use tools, but not as advanced as that by chimpanzees. They are
popularly thought of as having an excellent memory. Elephants appear to have
some ritual around death and show a keen interest in the bones of their own
kind
3. Dolphins –
Several researchers rank dolphins at about the level of elephants in
“intelligence”. They are known to engage in complex play behavior and have
great communication skills. Dolphins have been recently observed using tools in
a basic matter: when searching for food on the sea floor, many dolphins were
seen tearing off pieces of sponge and wrapping them around their “bottle nose”
to prevent abrasions
4. Parrots –
Parrots are able to mimic human speech, but the African Grey Parrots are able
to associate words with their meanings and form simple sentences. Some species
of parrot such as the Kea are also highly skilled at using tools and solving
puzzles
5. Sheep –
Sheep can recognize individual human faces, and remember them for years. In
addition to long-term facial recognition of individuals, sheep can also
differentiate emotional states through facial characteristics. If
worked with patiently, sheep may learn their names.It has been reported that
some sheep have apparently shown problem-solving abilities
6. Rats –
Rats show excellent problem solving skills. They have also been found to
be actively prosocial. They demonstrate altruistic behaviour to other rats
in experiments, including freeing them from cages. When presented with readily
available chocolate chips, test subjects would first free the caged rat, and
then share the food
7. Dogs –
Dogs are pack animals by nature and can understand social structure and
obligations, and are capable of interacting with other members of the pack.
They are known to be highly intelligent and very easy to train by humans
8. Octopus –
The Octopus is considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They show
impressive spatial learning capacity, navigational abilities, and predatory
techniques. It has also been claimed, but strongly disputed, that octopuses
practice observational learning
9. Crows – Wild
hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs for bait-fishing. Some
Crows have been found to engage in feats such as sports, tool
use, the ability to hide and store food across seasons and episodic-like
memory. The New Caledonian Crow show ability to manufacture and use its own
tools in the day-to-day search for food. Crows in Australia have learned how to
eat the toxic cane toad by flipping the cane toad on its back and access the
non-toxic innards; Crows have demonstrated the ability to distinguish
individual humans by recognizing facial features
10. Pigeons –
Pigeons can be taught relatively complex actions and response sequences, and
can learn to make responses in different sequences. Pigeons can also remember
large numbers of individual images for a long time, e.g. hundreds of images for
periods of several years
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